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    <original_author id="name">Kanika Kuwelker</original_author>
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    <other_details id="references">Svinøy OE, Hilde G, Bergland A, Strand BH. Reference values for Jamar+ digital dynamometer hand grip strength in healthy adults and in adults with non-communicable diseases or osteoarthritis: the Norwegian Tromsø study 2015–2016 [Internet]. Eur J Ageing. 2023 Nov 24;20(1):44. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37999814/&#xD;
&#xD;
Lee SH, Gong HS. Measurement and Interpretation of Handgrip Strength for Research on Sarcopenia and Osteoporosis [Internet]. J Bone Metab. 2020 May;27(2):85–96. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32572369/&#xD;
&#xD;
Peters MJ, van Nes SI, Vanhoutte EK, Bakkers M, van Doorn PA, Merkies IS, Faber CG. Revised normative values for grip strength with the Jamar dynamometer [Internet]. J Peripher Nerv Syst. 2011 Mar;16(1):47–50. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21504502/</other_details>
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                  <units>mm</units>
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  </definition>
  <ontology>
    <term_definitions language="en">
      <items code="at0000">
        <items id="text">Handgrip strength</items>
        <items id="description">The maximum voluntary isometric force generated by the muscles of the hand and forearm during a gripping action, usually measured with a hand-held dynamometer.</items>
      </items>
      <items code="at0001">
        <items id="text">History</items>
        <items id="description">@ internal @</items>
      </items>
      <items code="at0002">
        <items id="text">Any event</items>
        <items id="description">Default, unspecified point in time or interval event which may be explicitly defined in a template or at run-time.</items>
      </items>
      <items code="at0003">
        <items id="text">Tree</items>
        <items id="description">@ internal @</items>
      </items>
      <items code="at0004">
        <items id="text">Measured hand</items>
        <items id="description">The hand for which handgrip strength was measured.</items>
      </items>
      <items code="at0005">
        <items id="text">Right hand</items>
        <items id="description"></items>
      </items>
      <items code="at0006">
        <items id="text">Left hand</items>
        <items id="description"></items>
      </items>
      <items code="at0007">
        <items id="text">Grip strength</items>
        <items id="description">The measured force produced during a handgrip.</items>
      </items>
      <items code="at0008">
        <items id="text">Comment</items>
        <items id="description">Additional narrative about the handgrip strength not captured in other fields.</items>
      </items>
      <items code="at0010">
        <items id="text">Measuring device</items>
        <items id="description">Details about the device used to measure the handgrip strength.</items>
      </items>
      <items code="at0011">
        <items id="text">Item tree</items>
        <items id="description">@ internal @</items>
      </items>
      <items code="at0013">
        <items id="text">Item tree</items>
        <items id="description">@ internal @</items>
      </items>
      <items code="at0019">
        <items id="text">Confounding factors</items>
        <items id="description">Issues or factors that may impact on the measurement of handgrip strength, not captured in other fields.</items>
        <items id="comment">For example: pain, musculoskeletal conditions, fatigue, or deviations from a measurement protocol.</items>
      </items>
      <items code="at0024">
        <items id="text">Extension</items>
        <items id="description">Additional information required to extend the model with local content or to align with other reference models or formalisms.</items>
        <items id="comment">For example: local information requirements; or additional metadata to align with FHIR.</items>
      </items>
      <items code="at0032">
        <items id="text">Measurement protocol</items>
        <items id="description">Specification of the protocol or standardized method used to measure handgrip strength during the assessment.</items>
      </items>
      <items code="at0034">
        <items id="text">NIHR Southampton Biomedial Research Centre</items>
        <items id="description"></items>
      </items>
      <items code="at0035">
        <items id="text">Maximum grip strength</items>
        <items id="description">Maximum handgrip strength calculated from a series of measurements, recorded as the highest value achieved under standardised testing conditions.</items>
      </items>
      <items code="at0036">
        <items id="text">Mean grip strength</items>
        <items id="description">Mean handgrip strength calculated from a series of measurements, recorded as the mean value achieved under standardised testing conditions.</items>
      </items>
      <items code="at0037">
        <items id="text">Jamar Standard Position (American Society of Hand Therapists)</items>
        <items id="description"></items>
      </items>
      <items code="at0038">
        <items id="text">NIH Toolbox Grip Strength Test</items>
        <items id="description"></items>
      </items>
      <items code="at0039">
        <items id="text">Grip span</items>
        <items id="description">The actual distance between the handles of the dynamometer at the time of measurement.</items>
        <items id="comment">May be recorded as a continuous length in centimetres or millimeters, or as a coded manufacturer‑defined setting for instruments that do not provide a numerical distance.</items>
      </items>
    </term_definitions>
    <term_definitions language="nb">
      <items code="at0000">
        <items id="text">Håndgrepsstyrke</items>
        <items id="description">Den maksimale viljestyrte isometriske kraften som genereres av musklene i hånd og underarm under et håndgrep, vanligvis målt med et håndholdt dynamometer.</items>
      </items>
      <items code="at0001">
        <items id="text">History</items>
        <items id="description">@ internal @</items>
      </items>
      <items code="at0002">
        <items id="text">Uspesifisert hendelse</items>
        <items id="description">Standard, uspesifisert tidspunkt eller tidsintervall som kan defineres mer eksplisitt i en template eller i en applikasjon.</items>
      </items>
      <items code="at0003">
        <items id="text">Tree</items>
        <items id="description">@ internal @</items>
      </items>
      <items code="at0004">
        <items id="text">Målt hånd</items>
        <items id="description">Hånden som ble brukt ved måling av håndgrepsstyrke.</items>
      </items>
      <items code="at0005">
        <items id="text">Høyre hånd</items>
        <items id="description"></items>
      </items>
      <items code="at0006">
        <items id="text">Venstre hånd</items>
        <items id="description"></items>
      </items>
      <items code="at0007">
        <items id="text">Gripestyrke</items>
        <items id="description">Den målte kraften som genereres under et håndgrep.</items>
      </items>
      <items code="at0008">
        <items id="text">Kommentar</items>
        <items id="description">Ytterligere fritekst om målingen, som ikke omfattes av andre felt.</items>
      </items>
      <items code="at0010">
        <items id="text">Måleapparat</items>
        <items id="description">Detaljer om utstyret som ble brukt til å måle håndgrepsstyrken.</items>
      </items>
      <items code="at0011">
        <items id="text">Item tree</items>
        <items id="description">@ internal @</items>
      </items>
      <items code="at0013">
        <items id="text">Item tree</items>
        <items id="description">@ internal @</items>
      </items>
      <items code="at0019">
        <items id="text">Konfunderende faktorer</items>
        <items id="description">Problemer eller faktorer som kan påvirke målingen av håndgrepsstyrke, som ikke fanges opp i andre felt.</items>
        <items id="comment">For eksempel: smerte, muskel‑ og skjelettlidelser, tretthet eller avvik fra en måleprotokoll.</items>
      </items>
      <items code="at0024">
        <items id="text">Tilleggsinformasjon</items>
        <items id="description">Ytterligere informasjon som trengs for å kunne registrere lokalt definert innhold eller for å tilpasse til andre referansemodeller/formalismer.</items>
        <items id="comment">For eksempel lokale informasjonsbehov eller ytterligere metadata for å kunne tilpasse til tilsvarende konsepter i FHIR eller CIMI.</items>
      </items>
      <items code="at0032">
        <items id="text">Protokoll for måling</items>
        <items id="description">Spesifikasjon av protokollen eller den standardiserte metoden som ble brukt til å måle håndgrepsstyrke under vurderingen.</items>
      </items>
      <items code="at0034">
        <items id="text">NIHR Southampton Biomedial Research Centre</items>
        <items id="description"></items>
      </items>
      <items code="at0035">
        <items id="text">Maksimal håndgrepsstyrke</items>
        <items id="description">Maksimal håndgrepsstyrke beregnet fra en serie målinger, registrert som den høyeste verdien oppnådd under standardiserte testforhold.</items>
      </items>
      <items code="at0036">
        <items id="text">Gjennomsnittlig håndgrepsstyrke</items>
        <items id="description">Gjennomsnittlig gripestyrke beregnet fra en serie målinger, registrert som gjennomsnittsverdien oppnådd under standardiserte testforhold.</items>
      </items>
      <items code="at0037">
        <items id="text">Jamar Standard Position (American Society of Hand Therapists)</items>
        <items id="description"></items>
      </items>
      <items code="at0038">
        <items id="text">NIH Toolbox Grip Strength Test</items>
        <items id="description"></items>
      </items>
      <items code="at0039">
        <items id="text">Gripespenn</items>
        <items id="description">Den faktiske avstanden mellom håndtakene på dynamometeret ved måletidspunktet.</items>
        <items id="comment">Kan registreres som en kontinuerlig lengde i centimeter eller millimeter, eller som en kodet produsentdefinert innstilling for instrumenter som ikke angir en numerisk avstand.</items>
      </items>
    </term_definitions>
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